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Quelle est la doctrine islamique du blasphème, injure faite à Dieu, à la religion et au Prophète ? Qu’en est-il de l’interdiction de la représentation figurée de Muhammad ? Peut-on croire ou abjurer publiquement en islam ? Se déclarer athée sans être poursuivi en justice, ostracisé ou livré à la vindicte populaire ? Peut-on penser librement ?Hamadi Redissi s’appuie sur une littérature méconnue pour restituer les débats sur ces questions qui ont animé les mondes sunnites et chiites du Moyen Âge à nos jours. Il identifie qui a le droit de s’exprimer en religion. Il dégage également les trois ordres qui régissent le domaine de l’expression : ce qui se dit et ne se dit pas, ce qui se laisse voir et ce qu’on retire au regard, ce qui se pense ou ne peut se penser.Au-delà du débat récurrent entre ceux qui estiment que l’islam est naturellement violent et ceux qui attribuent au seul islamisme les limites meurtrières à la liberté d’expression, cette nécessaire et passionnante enquête historique révèle que « deux islams » s’affrontent pratiquement sans discontinuité depuis l’âge médiéval. L’un, iconophobe, fanatique et belliqueux, a été transposé, et renforcé parfois, par l’État moderne. L’autre iconophile, tolérant et paisible, négocie le droit de s’exprimer, mais n’accorde pas tout.

Freedom of speech --- Blasphemy (Islam)

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Blasphemy (Islam) --- Apostasy --- Islam --- Tağı, Rafiq,

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Under the guise of Islamic law, the prophet Muhammad’s Islam, and the Qur’an, states such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Bangladesh are using blasphemy laws to suppress freedom of speech. Yet the Prophet never tried or executed anyone for blasphemy, nor does the Qur’an authorize the practice. Asserting that blasphemy laws are neither Islamic nor Qur‘anic, Shemeem Burney Abbas traces the evolution of these laws from the Islamic empires that followed the death of the Prophet Muhammad to the present-day Taliban. Her pathfinding study on the shari’a and gender demonstrates that Pakistan’s blasphemy laws are the inventions of a military state that manipulates discourse in the name of Islam to exclude minorities, women, free thinkers, and even children from the rights of citizenship. Abbas herself was persecuted under Pakistan’s blasphemy laws, so she writes from both personal experience and years of scholarly study. Her analysis exposes the questionable motives behind Pakistan’s blasphemy laws, which were resurrected during General Zia-ul-Haq’s regime of 1977–1988—motives that encompassed gaining geopolitical control of the region, including Afghanistan, in order to weaken the Soviet Union. Abbas argues that these laws created a state-sponsored “infidel” ideology that now affects global security as militant groups such as the Taliban justify violence against all “infidels” who do not subscribe to their interpretation of Islam. She builds a strong case for the suspension of Pakistan’s blasphemy laws and for a return to the Prophet’s peaceful vision of social justice.

Blasphemy --- Blasphemy (Islam) --- Islamic ethics --- Freedom of speech --- Libel and slander --- Offenses against religion

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Liberté d'expression --- Blasphème --- Laïcité --- Islam --- Freedom of speech. --- Blasphemy (Islam). --- Islam and secularism. --- Liberté d'expression. --- Islam.

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Islam --- Journalism --- Sociology of culture --- anno 2000-2009 --- Caricatures and cartoons --- Muslims --- Protest movements --- Christianity and other religions --- Blasphemy (Islam) --- Political aspects --- Politics and government --- History --- Religious aspects --- Muḥammad, --- Morgenavisen Jyllands-posten --- Denmark --- Islamic countries --- Relations --- Caricatures and cartoons - Political aspects - Denmark --- Muslims - Denmark - Politics and government - 21st century --- Protest movements - Denmark - History - 21st century --- Caricatures and cartoons - Political aspects - Islamic countries --- Christianity and other religions - Islam - Case studies --- Blasphemy (Islam) - Case studies --- Caricatures and cartoons - Religious aspects --- Muḥammad, - Prophet, - -632 - Caricatures and cartoons --- Denmark - Relations - Islamic countries --- Islamic countries - Relations - Denmark --- geschiedenis --- beeldverhalen --- Muḥammad, - Prophet, - -632